# (br-us-units-comp.txt, BRUSUN.CMP Bp4 000410 OJ) | Olle Järnefors COMPENDIUM | Sibeliusgången 44, 8 tr # SE-164 76 KISTA Sweden 2000-04-10 Version Bp4 | +46-8-752 93 25 # The British/US Unit Mess ======================== Abstract: 200 British and US units are listed, with name(s), abbreviations(s), definition, and value in SI units. Most units of only local, historical or very specialized use are not covered. Abbreviation and name indexes are included. Content ----------------------------------------------------- 1. Overview 2. General 3. Numbers of pieces 4. Length 5. Area 6. Volume 7. GB capacity units 8. US dry capacity units 9. US liquid capacity units 10. Time 11. Velocity | 12. Acceleration | 13. Volume rate of flow 14. Fuel efficiency 15. Mass | 16. Linear mass | 17. Specific length 18. Force | 19. Energy, work 20. Power 21. Pressure 22. Temperature 23. Heat 24. Heat flow | 25. Luminance | 26. Luminous exitance 27. GB money - 1970 28. GB money 1971 - 29. US money 30. Index of unit names with SI values 31. Index of unit abbreviations with categories | 32. Reference list # 33. Still to do | 34. Document history ------------------------------------------------------------- # Non-trivial changes since version Bp2 are marked by "#" # at the beginning of each line. Other non-trivial # changes since version Bp1 are marked by "|". | Original home: The latest published version of this document | can be found at: # | Prototypes for the next version may be found at: # | Data format: This file is a plain text file in the ISO 8859-1 | character set. It is a definite advantageous to display | and print this file in a monospaced font. A column width of | 80 characters is sufficient. | Copyright? Please reuse this information! I will appreciate if | the source is acknowledged. # Previous knowledge: The reader should know the difference # between physical quantity and unit, and understand the # importance of unit conversions (which should have been # made obvious by the recent spectacular failure of a NASA # mission to Mars). | Feedback: Send questions, comments, corrections, and # criticism to the email address . | Related documents --------------------------------------------------- | Metric Units Galore: 311 Named Units with Symbol, Definition and Size: # | Old Swedish Units: # | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Overview ----------- Numbers of pieces (10 units): 1 pcs. = 1 piece = 1 great gross 12 gross 12 dozen 6 pair 2 piece long dozen | bakers' dozen 13 piece hundred 5 score 20 piece long hundred 6 score long score 21 piece Length (50 units): 1 yd. = 1 yard = 0.9144 m league 3 [Imperial|statute|land] mile 8 furlong 10 [surveyors'] chain 11 fathom 2 yard 3 foot | engineers' link 3 hand 4 inch inch 1000 milli-inch|mil|thou 1000 micro-inch inch 2 half-inch 2 quarter-inch 2 eighth of an inch 2 sixteenth of an inch 3 iron inch 40 line(1) inch 12 line(2) chain 4 rod|pole|perch 25 link engineers' chain 100 foot sea league 3 UK sea mile | UK nautical mile 10 UK cable length 608 foot 1 US survey foot = (1200/3937) m 1 old pica = (35/83) cm old pica 12 old point inch 6 [modern] pica 12 [modern] point cotton skein 120 yard cotton spyndle 18 cotton hank 7 cotton skein 80 thread woollen spyndle 45 woollen skein 256 yard snap 320 yard linen spyndle 4 hasp | linen hank 6 hear|heer 2 lea|cut 300 yard worsted hank 7 wrap 80 yard | yard 2 cubit 2 quarter(1) 4 nail # span 3 palm 3 inch English ell 5 quarter(1) Flemish ell 27 inch French ell 54 inch Area (14 units): 1 yd.^2 = 1 square yard = 1 yd.*yd. township 36 square mile | section 640 acre 10 square chain 484 square yard 9 square foot 144 square inch | yard of land 30 acre 4 rood | square chain 16 square rod | square pole | square perch 625 square link 1 circular mil = (10^-6*/4) in.^2 | circular inch 1000000 circular mil square 100 square feet Volume (8 units): 1 yd.^3 = 1 cubic yard = 1 yd.*yd.*yd. cubic yard 27 cubic foot 1728 cubic inch register ton 100 cubic foot UK shipping ton(1) 50 cubic foot UK shipping ton(2) 42 cubic foot US shipping ton | UK shipping ton(3) 40 cubic foot cubic foot 12 shipping cubic inch GB capacity units (22 units): 1 gal. = 1 UK gallon = (1.000028*(1-0.001217/8.136)*0.45359237/(0.998859-0.001217)) dm^3 | UK chaldron 4 quarter(3)|seam 2 coomb 2 strike 2 UK bushel 2 bucket | 2 UK peck 2 UK gallon 2 pottle 2 UK quart 2 UK pint 4 UK gill|UK cup | 5 UK fluid ounce 8 UK fluid drachm 3 fluid scruple 20 UK minim | last 2 load|wey 5 quarter(3) UK barrel 36 UK gallon 1 hhd. = 1 UK hogshead = 52.5 gal. | UK fluid ounce 2 UK tablespoonful 4 UK teaspoonful US dry capacity units (8 units): 1 bu. = 1 US bushel = 2150.42 in.^3 US chaldron 36 US bushel 4 US peck 2 dry gallon 4 dry quart 2 dry pint standard cranberry barrel 5826 in.^3 dry standard barrel 7056 in.^3 US liquid capacity units (13 units): 1 lq.gal. = 1 liquid gallon = 231 in.^3 liquid gallon 4 liquid quart 2 liquid pint 4 US gill 4 liquid ounce | US fluid ounce 8 liquid dram | US fluid dram 60 US minim | liquid pint 2 US cup 16 US tablespoonful 3 US teaspoonful US hogshead 2 liquid barrel 126 liquid quart petrol barrel 42 liquid gallon Time (12 units): millenium 10 century 10 decade 2 lustrum|quinquennium 5 year 12 month fortnight 2 week 7 day 24 hour 60 minute 60 second Velocity (2 units): 1 mph. = 1 mile per hour = 1 mi./h = 0.44704 m/s 1 kn. = 1 UK knot = 1 UK nautical mile/h | Acceleration (1 unit): | 1 celo = 1 ft./s^2 | Volume rate of flow (1 unit): | 1 cusec = 1 ft.^3/s Fuel efficiency (2 units): 1 mpg. = 1 mile per UK gallon = 1 mi./gal. 1 mpg. = 1 mile per US gallon = 1 mi./lq.gal. Mass (18 units): 1 lb. = 1 [avoirdupois] pound = 0.45359237 kg [long] ton 20 [long] hundredweight | quintal(1) 4 quarter(2) 2 stone 14 pound 16 [avoirdupois] ounce 16 dram short ton 20 cental | quintal(2) | short hundredweight 100 pound pound 7000 grain troy pound | apothecaries' pound 12 troy ounce | apothecaries' ounce 8 drachm 3 scruple 20 grain pennyweight 24 grain | 1 UK assay ton = 32666 2/3 mg | 1 US assay ton = 29166 2/3 mg 1 slug = (9.80665/0.3048) lb. | Linear mass (2 units): | 1 poumar = 1 lb./1000000 yd. | 1 pli = 1 lb./in. | Specific length (1 unit): | 1 typp = 1000 yd./lb. Force (7 units): 1 pdl. = 1 poundal = 1 lb.*ft./s^2 | poundal 16 ouncedal 1 lbf. = 1 pound-force = (9.80665/0.3048) poundal short ton-force 2 kip 1000 pound-force 16 ounce-force long ton-force 2240 pound-force | Energy, work (2 units): | 1 hph. = 1 horsepower-hour = 1980000 lbf.*ft. | 1 duty = 1 lbf.*ft. Power (1 unit): 1 hp. = 1 horsepower = 550 ft.*lbf./s = 745.69987 W Pressure (6 units): 1 psi. = 1 pound-force per square inch = 1 lbf./in.^2 | kilo-pound-force per square inch 1000 psi. 144 pound-force per square foot 1 in.Hg = 1 inch of mercury = 0.0254*13.5951*9.80665*10^3 Pa | 1 inH2O. = 1 inch of water = 25.4*9.80665 Pa | foot of water 12 inch of water Heat (3 units): 1 Btu. = 1 British thermal unit = 1 cal_IT*lb.*°R/(g*K) | Q-unit 10^13 therm 100000 British thermal unit 1 Chu. = 1 Centigrade heat unit = 453.59237 cal_mean Heat flow (1 unit): | 1 ton of refrigeration = 200 Btu./min | Luminance (2 units): | 1 foot-candle-lambert = 1 cd/ft.^2 | 1 ft.-L. = 1 foot-lambert = (1/) cd/ft.^2 | Luminous exitance (1 unit): | 1 fc. = 1 foot-candle = 1 lm/ft.^2 GB money - 1970 (7 units): pound sterling 4 crown 5 shilling 12 penny 4 farthing guinea 21 shilling florin 2 shiliing GB money 1971 - (2 units): pound sterling 100 new penny US money (4 units): dollar 10 dime 10 cent 10 mill 2. General ---------- In sections 3 - 29 most British/imperial and US units which have unit names of their own are defined. In the name index in section 30 also their sizes in SI units, with 4 significant digits, are included. Derived units like foot pound-force per second are not included. The included units have national or international use except when noted. Some unit names are used or have been used for units of other sizes in certain geographical areas or application fields, which are not indicated in this overview. Within each category of units, one or more are defined in terms of a product/quotient of other British/US units or in terms of SI units, given by a mathematical equality on a line starting with "==> ". If the unit has an established unit abbreviation, this is also included. Example: ==> 1 lb. = 1 [avoirdupois] pound = 0.45359237 kg The abbreviations and symbols for money units are written before the numeric value, not after it as for all other quantities. If the definition uses British/US units, also the size of the unit expressed in SI units is given, sometimes approximately, which is indicated by the relation operator "~=". When there is a sequence of British/US units of decreasing size, each non-final unit being an integer multiple of its successor, these units are defined by a couple of lines, like for example: t. cwt. qr. st. lb. [long] ton 20 [long] hundredweight | quintal(1) 4 quarter(2) 2 stone 14 pound b b b d The central line consists of the unit names in sequence, interspersed by the multiples (the unit to the left expressed in the unit to the right). If some units have established unit abbreviations, these are given on the preceding line. Under a unit name on the following line there may be one or more letters or numbers, indicating notes applicable to this unit. These are given within the section, after the first occurrence of a reference to the note, in this case: d: defined above b: used in GB Alternative multi-word names are separated by " | ". Alternative single-word names and alternative abbreviations are separated by "|". When a part of a unit name is given inside a square bracket, it is normally omitted but can be used to explicitly exclude the possibility that another unit with the same unqualified names is intended. If the same name is used for different units and no established way to distinguish them using attributes exist, their names are made unambiguous by the addition of the suffixes "(1)", "(2)" etc. | The symbol "^" indicates that the following digit(s) form an | exponent to which the preceding symbol is raised. The symbol | "_" indicates that the following word is an index to the | preceding symbol. These metric units are used, sometimes with prefixes: a = year {time} cal_IT = International Table calorie = 4.1868 J {heat} cal_mean = mean 1-100 °C calorie ~= 4.1897 J {heat} | cd = candela {luminance} g = gram {mass} J = joule {energy} K = kelvin {thermodynamic temperature} | lm = lumen {luminous exitance} m = metre {length} min = minute {time} N = newton {force} Pa = pascal {pressure} W = watt {power} Abbreviations and symbols used in this text: GB = The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | UK = The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland US = The United States of America = double prime (2033 in Unicode/ISO 10646) = Greek small letter pi (03C0 in Unicode/ISO 10646) = prime (2032 in Unicode/ISO 10646) Note on the unit abbreviations: These are consistently written with full stops, to disambiguate them from metric unit symbols. In practice, the full stops are often not used. To the abbreviations of some units are sometimes added a plural "s", e.g. "yds" instead of "yd" or (preferred here) "yd.". A few metric units have English abbreviations differing from their metric unit symbols: | amp. = A cc. = cm^3 | C.M. = metric carat cps. = c/s = Hz ct. = carat ct. = karat gm. = g gsm. = g/m^2 hr. = h | k. = kg kph. = km/h | kwh. = kW/h pc. = % pct. = % rpm. = r/min sec. = s 3. Numbers of pieces -------------------- ==> 1 pcs. = 1 piece = 1 --- doz. pr. pcs. great gross 12 gross 12 dozen 6 pair 2 piece d --- long dozen | bakers' dozen 13 piece d --- hundred 5 score 20 piece d --- long hundred 6 score d --- long score 21 piece d 4. Length --------- ==> 1 yd. = 1 yard = 0.9144 m 1 1: Official definitions: GB 1588 - 1824: length of the Exchequer standard yard of Elizabeth I | GB 1824 - 1963, US 1856 - 1893: Imperial Standard yard = length | of the Imperial Standard Yard at 62 °F ~= 0.914399204 m US 1866 - 1963: US Standard Yard = (3600/3937) m ~= 0.914401829 m. | This interpretation was accepted by the Bureau of Standards in | 1926, while the American Institute of Weights and Measures upheld | until 1932 that US law used a "US metre", defined as 3937/3600 | of the yard defined by the US yard prototype, measured at 68 °F. # GB, US 1963 - : International Standard Yard = 0.9144 m --- mi.|ml.|m. fur. ch. league 3 [Imperial|statute|land] mile 8 furlong 10 [surveyors'] chain o 2 3 yd. ft.||' in.||" 11 fathom 2 yard 3 foot | engineers' link 3 hand 4 inch 5 d 4 u 6 d: defined above o: obsolete u: used in US 2: horse racing 3: land surveying 4: plural: feet 5: depth of water 6: height of horses --- µin. inch 1000 milli-inch|mil|thou 1000 micro-inch d --- inch 2 half-inch 2 quarter-inch 2 eighth of an inch d | 2 sixteenth of an inch 3 iron | 6a d: defined above | 6a: for footwear --- l. inch 40 line(1) o,u,7 7: buttons --- l. inch 12 line(2) d 8 8: watches --- rd. lk.|li. chain 4 rod|pole|perch 25 link d o o o o --- engineers' chain 100 foot d --- sea league 3 UK sea mile | UK nautical mile 10 UK cable length 608 foot 9,o 9,o 9,o d 9: nautical distance; the UK nautical mile is 0.0006 parts longer than the international nautical mile; the UK cable length is 0.013 parts longer than 100 fathoms. --- ==> 1 US survey foot = (1200/3937) m ~= 0.3048006096 m 1,3,u --- ==> 1 old pica = (35/83) cm ~= 4.216867470 mm --- pc. pt. old pica 12 old point d,o,10 o,10 10: typography --- pc. pt. inch 6 [modern] pica 12 [modern] point 10,11 10,11 11: The modern pica and point are 0.0039 parts bigger than the old pica and point. --- cotton skein 120 yard 12 d 12: cotton yarn --- cotton spyndle 18 cotton hank 7 cotton skein 80 thread 12 12 d 12 --- woollen spyndle 45 woollen skein 256 yard 13 13 d 13: woollen yarn --- snap 320 yard 13 d --- linen spyndle 4 hasp | linen hank 6 hear|heer 2 lea|cut 300 yard 14 14 14 13,14 d 14: linen yarn --- worsted hank 7 wrap 80 yard 15 15 d 15: worsted yarn --- qr. | yard 2 cubit 2 quarter(1) 4 nail d o 16 16 16: fabric --- # span 3 palm 3 inch o o d --- English ell 5 quarter(1) 16 d --- Flemish ell 27 inch 16 d --- French ell 54 inch 16 d 5. Area ------- ==> 1 yd.^2 = 1 square yard = 1 yd.*yd. = 0.83612736 m^2 --- mi.^2|sq.mi.|ml.^2|sq.mi.|m.^2|sq.m. township 36 square mile | section u u ac. ch.^2|sq.ch. yd.^2|sq.yd. ft.^2|sq.ft. in.^2|sq.in. 640 acre 10 square chain 484 square yard 9 square foot 144 square inch d d: defined above u: used in US --- | yard of land 30 acre 4 rood | o d --- | rd.^2|sq.rd. li.^2|sq.li.|lk.^2|sq.lk. | square chain 16 square rod | square pole | square perch 625 square link | d o o o: obsolete --- ==> 1 circular mil = (10^-6*/4) in.^2 ~= 506.7074793 µm^2 --- | circular inch 1000000 circular mil | d --- sq. square 100 square feet d 6. Volume --------- ==> 1 yd.^3 = 1 cubic yard = 1 yd.*yd.*yd. = 0.764554857984 m^3 --- yd.^3|cu.yd. ft.^3|cu.ft. in.^3|cu.in. cubic yard 27 cubic foot 1728 cubic inch d d: defined above --- register ton 100 cubic foot 1 d 1: shipping --- UK shipping ton(1) 50 cubic foot 1 d --- UK shipping ton(2) 42 cubic foot 1 d --- US shipping ton | UK shipping ton(3) 40 cubic foot 1 d --- cubic foot 12 shipping cubic inch d 1 7. GB capacity units -------------------- ==> 1 gal. = 1 UK gallon = (1.000028*(1-0.001217/8.136)*0.45359237/0.997642) dm^3 ~= 0.4546091879 dm^3 --- | qr.|qtr. bu. | UK chaldron 4 quarter(3)|seam 2 coomb 2 strike 2 UK bushel 2 bucket o o o o o | pk. gal. qt. pt. gi. | 2 UK peck 2 UK gallon 2 pottle 2 UK quart 2 UK pint 4 UK gill|UK cup d o | fl.oz. fl.drm. fl.scr. min. | 5 UK fluid ounce 8 UK fluid drachm 3 fluid scruple 20 UK minim | o d: defined above o: obsolete --- | last 2 load|wey 5 quarter(3) o o d --- UK barrel 36 UK gallon 1 d 1: beer --- ==> 1 hhd. = 1 UK hogshead = 52.5 gal. ~= 23.86698236 dm^3 --- | UK fluid ounce 2 UK tablespoonful 4 UK teaspoonful d 2 2: cooking 8. US dry capacity units ------------------------ ==> 1 bu. = 1 US bushel = 2150.42 in.^3 ~= 35.23907017 dm^3 1 1: This is a struch measure. The heaped US bushel varies, a common size is 2747.715 in.^3 ~= 45.03 dm^3. --- bu.|bus. pk. dry gal. dry qt. dry pt. US chaldron 36 US bushel 4 US peck 2 dry gallon 4 dry quart 2 dry pint d d: defined above --- standard cranberry barrel 5826 in.^3 d --- bbl. dry standard barrel 7056 in.^3 d 9. US liquid capacity units --------------------------- ==> 1 lq.gal. = 1 liquid gallon = 231 in.^3 ~= 3.785411784 dm^3 --- | lq.gal. lq.qt. lq.pt. gi. liquid gallon 4 liquid quart 2 liquid pint 4 US gill d | lq.oz. lq.drm. min. 4 liquid ounce | US fluid ounce 8 liquid dram | US fluid dram 60 US minim d: defined above --- | liquid pint 2 US cup 16 US tablespoonful 3 US teaspoonful | d 1 1 1 | | 1: cooking --- hhd. US hogshead 2 liquid barrel 126 liquid quart 2 2 d 2: in some US states. --- petrol barrel 42 liquid gallon d 10. Time -------- c. yr. mth.|mo. millenium 10 century 10 decade 2 lustrum|quinquennium 5 year 12 month o o: obsolete --- wk. d. hr.|h. min.|m. sec.|s. fortnight 2 week 7 day 24 hour 60 minute 60 second 11. Velocity ------------ ==> 1 mph. = 1 mile per hour = 1 mi./h = 0.44704 m/s --- ==> 1 kn. = 1 UK knot = 1 UK nautical mile/h ~= 0.5147733333 m/s 1 1: nautical velocity; the UK knot is 0.0006 parts faster than the international knot | 12. Acceleration | ---------------- | | ==> 1 celo = 1 ft./s^2 = 0.3048 m/s^2 | 13. Volume rate of flow | ----------------------- | | ==> 1 cusec = 1 ft.^3/s = 28.316846592 dm^3/s 14. Fuel efficiency ------------------- ==> 1 mpg. = 1 mile per UK gallon = 1 mi./gal. ~= 3.540060436/mm^2 ==> 1 mpg. = 1 mile per US gallon = 1 mi./lq.gal. ~= 4.251437073/mm^2 15. Mass -------- ==> 1 lb. = 1 [avoirdupois] pound = 0.45359237 kg | 1 | | 1: Defined in 1855 as the mass of the Imperial Standard Pound | ~= 0.453592338 kg. Defined in 1893 in USA as 0.4535924277 of | the mass of the US kilogram prototype. --- t. cwt. qr. st. lb. [long] ton 20 [long] hundredweight | quintal(1) 4 quarter(2) 2 stone 14 pound b b b d oz.|oz.av.|oz.avdp. dr. 16 [avoirdupois] ounce 16 dram d: defined above b: used in GB --- | t.|sh.t. ctl. cwt.|sh.cwt. short ton 20 cental | quintal(2) | short hundredweight 100 pound u b u d u: used in US --- gr. pound 7000 grain d --- | lb.tr.|lb.apoth. oz.tr.|oz.apoth. drm. troy pound | apothecaries' pound 12 troy ounce | apothecaries' ounce 8 drachm 1,o | scr. 3 scruple 20 grain 2,o d 2: only apothecaries' mass unit --- dwt. pennyweight 24 grain 3 d 3: only troy mass unit --- | ==> 1 UK assay ton = 32666 2/3 mg | 4 | | 4: The UK assay ton is defined so that | (1 UK assay ton)/(1 mg) = (1 long ton)/(1 tr.oz.) | | --- | ==> 1 US assay ton = 29166 2/3 mg | 5 | | 5: The US assay ton is defined so that | (1 US assay ton)/(1 mg) = (1 short ton)/(1 tr.oz.) | | --- ==> 1 slug = (9.80665/0.3048) lb. ~= 14.59390294 kg 6 6: 1 lbf. accelerates 1 slug at 1 ft./s^2. | 16. Linear mass | --------------- | ==> 1 poumar = 1 lb./1000000 yd. ~= 0.496054648 mg/m | --- | ==> 1 pli = 1 lb./in. ~= 17.8579673 kg/m | 17. Specific length | ------------------- | ==> 1 typp = 1000 yd./lb. ~= 2.01590692 km/kg 18. Force --------- ==> 1 pdl. = 1 poundal = 1 lb.*ft./s^2 ~= 0.1382549544 N 1 1: With the base units {l} = ft., {m} = lb., {t} = s, derived units are e.g. {a} = ft./s^2, {F} = pdl. | --- | poundal 16 ouncedal | d --- ==> 1 lbf. = 1 pound-force = (9.80665/0.3048) poundal ~= 4.448221617 N 2,3 2: 1 lbf. is the gravitational force on 1 lb. at the standard acceleration of free fall. 3: With the base units {l} = ft., {m} = slug, {t} = s, derived units are e.g. {a} = ft./s^2, {F} = lbf., {W} = ft.-lbf. {P} = ft.-lbf./s. --- lbf. ozf. short ton-force 2 kip 1000 pound-force 16 ounce-force u d d: defined above u: used in US --- long ton-force 2240 pound-force b d b: used in GB | 19. Energy, work | ---------------- | | ==> 1 hph. = 1 horsepower-hour = 1980000 lbf.*ft. ~= 2.684519539 MJ --- | ==> 1 duty = 1 lbf.*ft. ~= 1.355817949 J 20. Power --------- ==> 1 hp. = 1 horsepower = 550 lbf.*ft./s = 745.6998720 W 21. Pressure ------------ ==> 1 psi. = 1 pound-force per square inch = 1 lbf./in.^2 ~= 6.894757296 kPa --- ksi. psi. kilo-pound-force per square inch 1000 pound-force per square inch d | psf. | 144 pound-force per square foot d: defined above --- ==> 1 inHg. = 1 inch of mercury = 0.0254*13.5951*9.80665 kPa ~= 3.38639 kPa --- | ==> 1 inH2O. = 1 inch of water = 25.4*9.80665 Pa = 249.08891 Pa --- | ftH2O. inH2O. | foot of water 12 inch of water | d 22. Temperature --------------- Thermodynamic temperature is measured in °R = degree Rankine = (5/9) K The practical temperature scale used is Fahrenheit temperature, measured in °F = degree Fahrenheit = °R, where {f} = 1.8*{c} + 32 = {r} - 491.67 if the thermodynamic temperature is {r} °R, the Celsius temperature is {c} °C, and the Fahrenheit temperature is {f} °F. 23. Heat -------- ==> 1 Btu. = 1 British thermal unit=1 cal_IT*lb.*°R/(g*K)~=1.055055853 kJ 1 2 1: Heat capacity expressed in Btu./(lb.*°R) has the same numerical value as expressed in cal_IT/(g*K). 2: There are also Btus, therms and Q-units related to - the 15 °C calorie: 1 Btu._15 ~= 1.05473 kJ - the interval 60-61 °F: 1 Btu._60/61 ~= 1.0545 kJ - the interval 32-212 °F: 1 Btu._mean ~= 1.0558 kJ --- | Q. | Q-unit 10^13 therm 100000 British thermal unit | 2 2 d,2 d: defined above --- ==> 1 Chu. = 1 Centigrade heat unit | Celsius heat unit | pound calorie = 453.59237 cal_mean ~= 1900.44 J 24. Heat flow ------------- | ==> 1 ton of refrigeration = 200 Btu./min ~= 3.51685284 kW | 25. Luminance | ------------- | | ==> 1 foot-candle-lambert = 1 cd/ft.^2 ~= 10.7639104 cd/m^2 | | --- | | ==> 1 ft.-L. = 1 foot-lambert = (1/) cd/ft.^2 ~= 3.42625910 cd/m^2 | 26. Luminous exitance | --------------------- | | ==> 1 fc. = 1 foot-candle = 1 lm/ft.^2 ~= 10.7639104 lm/m^2 27. GB money - 1970 ------------------- £ cr. sh. d. f. pound sterling 4 crown 5 shilling 12 penny 4 farthing o o o,1 o o: obsolete 1: plural: pence (pennies, when referring to individual coins) --- g. guinea 21 shilling o d d: defined above --- fl. florin 2 shiliing o d 28. GB money 1971 - ------------------- £ p. pound sterling 100 new penny 1 1: plural: pence (pennies, when referring to individual coins) 29. US money ------------ $ ¢|c.|ct. m. dollar 10 dime 10 cent 10 mill o o o: obsolete 30. Index of unit names with SI values -------------------------------------- ac. = acre = 10 square chains ~= 4047 m^2 bbl. = dry standard barrel = 7056 in.^3 ~= 115.6 dm^3 liquid barrel = 126 liquid quarts ~= 119.2 dm^3 petrol barrel = 42 liquid gallons ~= 159.0 dm^3 standard cranberry barrel = 5826 in.^3 ~= 95.47 dm^3 UK barrel = 36 UK gallons ~= 163.7 dm^3 | bucket = 2 UK pecks ~= 1.818 dm^3 bu. = UK bushel = 4 UK pecks ~= 36.37 dm^3 bu. = US bushel = 2150.42 in.^3 ~= 35.24 dm^3 Btu. = British thermal unit = 1 cal_IT*lb.*°R/(g*K) ~= 1.055 kJ UK cable length = 608 feet ~= 185.3 m pound calorie = 1 Centigrade heat unit ~= 1.900 kJ | celo = 1 ft./s^2 = 0.3048 m/s^2 ¢ = cent = (1/10) dime c. = cent = (1/10) dime ct. = cent = (1/10) dime ctl. = cental = 100 pounds ~= 45.36 kg Chu. = Centigrade heat unit = 453.59237 cal_mean ~= 1.900 kJ c. = century = 10 decades = 100 a ch. = chain = 2 fathoms ~= 20.12 m engineers' chain = 100 feet = 30.48 m ch. = surveyors' chain = 1 chain ~= 20.12 m UK chaldron = 4 quarters(3) ~= 1.164 m^3 US chaldron = 36 US bushels ~= 1.269 m^3 | circular inch = 1000000 circular mils~= 506.7 mm^2 circular mil = 10^-6*/4 in.^2 ~= 506.7 µm^2 coomb = 2 strikes ~= 145.5 dm^3 cr. = crown = (1/4) pound sterling cu.ft. = cubic foot = (1/27) cubic yard ~= 28.32 dm^3 ft.^3 = cubic foot = (1/27) cubic yard ~= 28.32 dm^3 cu.in. = cubic inch = (1/1728) cubic foot ~= 16.39 cm^3 in.^3 = cubic inch = (1/1728) cubic foot ~= 16.39 cm^3 shipping cubic inch = (1/12) cubic foot ~= 2.360 dm^3 cu.yd. = cubic yard = 1 yd.^3 ~= 764.6 dm^3 yd.^3 = cubic yard = 1 yd.^3 ~= 764.6 dm^3 | cubit = 1/2 yard = 457.2 mm | UK cup = (1/4) UK pint ~= 142.1 cm^3 | US cup = (1/2) liquid pint ~= 236.6 cm^3 | cusec = 1 ft.^3/s ~= 28.32 dm^3/s cut = 1 lea ~= 274.3 m d. = day = 24 hours = 86.40 ks decade = 2 lustrums = 10 a °F = degree Fahrenheit = (5/9) °C ~= 0.5556 °C °R = degree Rankine = (5/9) K ~= 0.5556 K dime = (1/10) dollar $ = dollar {US money} doz. = dozen = 6 pairs = 12 bakers' dozen = 13 = 13 long dozen = 13 = 13 drm. = drachm = 3 scruples ~= 3.888 g fl.drm. = UK fluid drachm = (1/8) UK fluid ounce ~= 3.552 cm^3 dr. = dram = (1/16) ounce ~= 1.772 g lq.drm. = liquid dram = (1/8) liquid ounce ~= 3.697 cm^3 US fluid dram = 1 liquid dram ~= 3.697 cm^3 | duty = 1 lbf.*ft. ~= 1.356 J eighth of an inch = (1/2) quarter-inch ~= 3.175 mm English ell = 5 quarters(1) ~= 1.143 m Flemish ell = 27 inches ~= 685.8 mm French ell = 54 inches ~= 1.372 m f. = farthing = (1/4) penny fathom = 11 yards ~= 1.829 m fl. = florin = 2 shillings ft. = foot = (1/3) yard = 304.8 mm = foot = (1/3) yard = 304.8 mm ' = foot = (1/3) yard = 304.8 mm US survey foot = (1200/3937) m ~= 304.8 mm | fc. = foot-candle = 1 lm/ft.^2 ~= 10.76 lm/m^2 | foot-candle-lambert = 1 cd/ft.^2 ~= 10.76 cd/m^2 | ft.-L. = foot-lambert = (1/) cd/ft.^2 ~= 3.426 cd/m^2 | ftH2O. = foot of water = 12 inches of water ~= 2.989 kPa fortnight = 2 weeks ~= 1.210 Ms fur. = furlong = 10 chains ~= 201.2 m dry gal. = dry gallon = (1/2) US peck ~= 4.405 dm^3 lq.gal. = liquid gallon = 231 in.^3 ~= 3.785 dm^3 gal. = UK gallon = 1.000028*(1-0.001217/8.136)* 0.45359237/0.997642 dm^3 ~= 454.6 dm^3 | gi. = UK gill = (1/4) UK pint ~= 142.1 cm^3 | gi. = US gill = (1/4) liquid pint ~= 118.3 cm^3 gr. = grain = (1/7000) pound ~= 64.8 mg gross = 12 dozens = 144 great gross = 12 grosses = 1728 g. = guinea = 21 shillings half-inch = (1/2) inch = 12.70 mm hand = (1/3) foot = 101.6 mm cotton hank = 7 cotton skeins ~= 768.1 m linen hank = 1 hasp ~= 3.292 km worsted hank = 7 wraps ~= 512.1 m hasp = 6 hears ~= 3.292 km hear = 2 leas ~= 548.6 m heer = 1 hears ~= 548.6 m hhd. = UK hogshead = 52.5 gal. ~= 238.7 dm^3 hhd. = US hogshead = 2 liquid barrels ~= 238.5 dm^3 hp. = horsepower = 550 ft.*lbf./s = 745.7 W | hph. = horsepower-hour = 1980000 lbf.*ft. ~= 2.685 MJ hr. = hour = 60 minutes = 3600 s # h. = hour = 60 minutes = 3600 s hundred = 5 scores = 100 long hundred = 6 scores = 120 cwt. = hundredweight = 4 quarters(2) ~= 50.80 kg cwt. = long hundredweight = 4 quarters(2) ~= 50.80 kg cwt. = short hundredweight = 1 cental ~= 45.36 kg | sh.cwt. = short hundredweight = 1 cental ~= 45.36 kg in. = inch = (1/4) hand = 25.40 mm = inch = (1/4) hand = 25.40 mm " = inch = (1/4) hand = 25.40 mm inHg. = inch of mercury = 0.0254*13.5951*9.80665*10^3 Pa ~= 3.386 kPa | inH2O. = inch of water = 25.4*9.80665 Pa ~= 249.1 Pa | iron = (1/48) in. ~= 529.2 µm ksi. = kilo-pound-force per square inch = 1000 lbf./in.^2 ~= 6.895 MPa kip = 1000 pound-forces ~= 4.448 kN kn. = UK knot = 1 UK nautical mile/h ~= 514.8 mm/s lea = 300 yards ~= 274.3 m league = 3 miles ~= 4.828 km sea league = 3 UK nautical miles ~= 5.560 km last = 2 loads = 2.909 m^3 l. = line(1) = (1/40) inch = 635.0 µm l. = line(2) = (1/12) inch ~= 2.117 mm li. = link = (1/25) rod ~= 201.2 mm lk. = link = (1/25) rod ~= 201.2 mm engineers' link = 1 foot = 304.8 mm load = 5 quarters(3) = 1.455 m^3 lustrum = 5 years = 5 a µin. = micro-inch = (1/1000) milli-inch = 25.4 nm mil = 1 milli-inch = 25.4 µm m. = mile = 8 furlongs ~= 1.609 km mi. = mile = 8 furlongs ~= 1.609 km ml. = mile = 8 furlongs ~= 1.609 km Imperial mile = 1 mile ~= 1.609 km land mile = 1 mile ~= 1.609 km statute mile = 1 mile ~= 1.609 km UK nautical mile = 10 UK cable lengths ~= 1.853 km UK sea mile = 1 UK nautical mile ~= 1.853 km mpg. = mile per UK gallon = 1 mi./gal. ~= 3.540/mm^2 mpg. = mile per US gallon = 1 mi./gal. ~= 4.251/mm^2 mph. = mile per hour = 1 mi./h = 447.0 mm/s m. = mill = (1/10) cent millenium = 10 centuries = 1000 a milli-inch = (1/1000) in. = 25.4 µm | min. = UK minim = (1/60) UK fluid drachm ~= 59.19 mm^3 | min. = US minim = (1/60) liquid dram ~= 61.61 mm^3 min. = minute = 60 seconds = 60 s # m. = minute = 60 seconds = 60 s mo. = month {time} mth. = month {time} nail = (1/4) quarter(1) = 57.15 m oz. = ounce = (1/16) pound ~= 28.35 g oz.apoth. = apothecaries' ounce = 1 troy ounce ~= 31.10 g oz.av. = avoirdupois ounce = (1/16) pound ~= 28.35 g oz.avdp. = avoirdupois ounce = (1/16) pound ~= 28.35 g lq.oz. = liquid ounce = (1/4) US gill ~= 29.57 cm^3 oz.tr. = troy ounce = 8 drachms ~= 31.10 g fl.oz. = UK fluid ounce = (1/5) UK gill ~= 28.41 cm^3 US fluid ounce = 1 liquid ounce ~= 29.57 cm^3 ozf. = ounce-force = (1/16) pound-force ~= 278.0 mN | ouncedal = (1/16) poundal ~= 8.641 mN pr. = pair = 2 = 2 # palm = 3 in. = 76.20 mm pk. = UK peck = 2 UK gallons ~= 9.092 dm^3 pk. = US peck = (1/4) US bushel ~= 8.810 dm^3 d. = penny = (1/12) shilling p. = new penny = (1/100) pound sterling dwt. = pennyweight = 24 grains ~= 1.555 g perch = 1 rod ~= 5.029 m pc. = pica = (1/6) inch ~= 4.233 mm pc. = modern pica = 1 pica ~= 4.233 mm pc. = old pica = (35/83) cm ~= 4.217 mm pcs. = piece = 1 = 1 dry pt. = dry pint = (1/2) dry quart ~= 550.6 cm^3 lq.pt. = liquid pint = (1/2) liquid quart ~= 473.2 cm^3 pt. = UK pint = (1/2) UK quart ~= 568.3 cm^3 | pli = 1 lb./in. ~= 17.86 kg/m pt. = point = (1/12) pica ~= 352.8 µm pt. = modern point = 1 point ~= 352.8 µm pt. = old point = (1/12) old pica ~= 351.4 µm pole = 1 rod ~= 5.029 m pottle = (1/2) UK gallon ~= 2.273 dm^3 | poumar = 1 lb./1000000 yd. ~= 496.1 µg/m lb. = pound = 453.59237 g ~= 453.6 g lb.apoth. = apothecaries' pound = 1 troy pound ~= 373.2 g avoirdupois pound = 453.59237 g ~= 453.6 g lb.tr. = troy pound = 12 troy ounces ~= 373.2 g | psf. = pound-force per square foot = lbf./ft.^2 ~= 47.67 Pa psi. = pound-force per square inch = 1 lbf./in.^2 ~= 6.895 kPa £ = pound sterling {GB money} lbf. = pound-force = (9.80665/0.3048) poundals ~= 4.448 N pdl. = poundal = 1 lb.*ft./s^2 ~= 138.3 mN dry qt. = dry quart = (1/4) dry gallon ~= 1.101 dm^3 lq.qt. = liquid quart = (1/4) liquid gallon ~= 946.4 cm^3 qt. = UK quart = (1/2) pottle ~= 1.137 dm^3 qr. = quarter(1) = (1/4) yard = 228.6 mm qr. = quarter(2) = 2 stones ~= 12.70 kg qr. = quarter(3) = 2 coombs ~= 290.9 dm^3 | qtr. = quarter(3) = 2 coombs ~= 290.9 dm^3 quarter-inch = (1/2) half-inch = 6.350 mm quinquennium = 5 years = 5 a quintal(1) = 4 quarters(2) ~= 50.80 kg quintal(2) = 100 pounds ~= 45.36 kg | Q. = Q-unit = 10^13 therms ~= 1.055*10^21 J rd. = rod = (1/4) chain ~= 5.029 m rood = (1/4) acre ~= 1012 m^2 score = 20 = 20 long score = 21 = 21 | scr. = scruple = 20 grains ~= 1.296 g | fl.scr. = fluid scruple = (1/3) UK fluid drachm~= 118.4 mm^3 | seam = 2 coombs ~= 290.9 dm^3 section = 1 square mile ~= 2.589 km^2 sec. = second {time} # s. = second {time} sh. = shilling = (1/5) crown sixteenth of an inch = (1/2) eighth of an inch ~= 1.588 mm cotton skein = 120 yards ~= 109.7 m woollen skein = 256 yards ~= 234.1 m slug = (9.80665/0.3048) lb. ~= 14.59 kg snap = 320 yards ~= 292.6 m # span = 3 palms = 228.6 mm cotton spyndle = 18 cotton hanks ~= 13.83 km linen spyndle = 4 hasps ~= 13.17 km woollen spyndle = 45 woollen skeins ~= 10.53 km sq. = square = 100 square feet ~= 9.290 m^2 ch.^2 = square chain = 484 square yards ~= 404.7 m^2 sq.ch. = square chain = 484 square yards ~= 404.7 m^2 ft.^2 = square foot = (1/9) square yard ~= 9.290 dm^2 sq.ft. = square foot = (1/9) square yard ~= 9.290 dm^2 in.^2 = square inch = (1/144) square foot ~= 6.452 cm^2 sq.in. = square inch = (1/144) square foot ~= 6.452 cm^2 | li.^2 = square link = (1/625) square rod ~= 4.047 dm^2 | lk.^2 = square link = (1/625) square rod ~= 4.047 dm^2 | sq.li. = square link = (1/625) square rod ~= 4.047 dm^2 | sq.lk. = square link = (1/625) square rod ~= 4.047 dm^2 m.^2 = square mile = 640 acres ~= 2.590 km^2 mi.^2 = square mile = 640 acres ~= 2.590 km^2 ml^2 = square mile = 640 acres ~= 2.590 km^2 sq.m. = square mile = 640 acres ~= 2.590 km^2 sq.mi. = square mile = 640 acres ~= 2.590 km^2 sq.ml. = square mile = 640 acres ~= 2.590 km^2 square perch = 1 square rod ~= 25.29 m^2 square pole = 1 square rod ~= 25.29 m^2 rd.^2 = square rod = (1/16) square chain ~= 25.29 m^2 sq.rd. = square rod = (1/16) square chain ~= 25.29 m^2 sq.yd. = square yard = 1 yd.^2 ~= 83.61 dm^2 yd.^2 = square yard = 1 yd.^2 ~= 83.61 dm^2 st. = stone = 14 pounds ~= 6.350 kg strike = 2 UK bushels ~= 72.74 dm^3 | UK tablespoonful = (1/2) UK fluid ounce ~= 14.21 cm^3 | US tablespoonful = (1/16) US cup ~= 14.79 cm^3 | UK teaspoonful = (1/4) UK tablespoonful ~= 3.551 cm^3 | US teaspoonful = (1/3) US tablespoonful ~= 4.929 cm^3 therm = 100000 British thermal units ~= 105.5 MJ thou = 1 milli-inch = 25.4 µm thread = (1/80) cotton skein ~= 1.372 m t. = ton = 20 hundredweights ~= 1.016 Mg | UK assay ton = 32666 2/3 mg ~= 32.67 g | US assay ton = 29166 2/3 mg ~= 29.17 g t. = long ton = 20 hundredweights ~= 1.016 Mg register ton = 100 cubic feet ~= 2.832 m^3 t. = short ton = 20 centals ~= 907.2 kg | sh.t. = short ton = 20 centals ~= 907.2 kg UK shipping ton(1) = 50 cubic feet ~= 1.416 m^3 UK shipping ton(2) = 42 cubic feet ~= 1.189 m^3 UK shipping ton(3) = 40 cubic feet ~= 1.133 m^3 US shipping ton = 40 cubic feet ~= 1.133 m^3 | ton of refrigeration = 200 Btu./min ~= 3.517 kW long ton-force = 2240 pound-forces ~= 9.964 kN short ton-force = 2 kips ~= 8.896 kN township = 36 square miles ~= 93.24 km^2 | typp = 1000 yd./lb. ~= 2.016 km/kg wk. = week = 7 days = 604.8 ks | wey = 5 quarters(3) = 1.455 m^3 wrap = 80 yards ~= 73.15 m yd. = yard = 914.4 mm ~= 914.4 mm | yard of land = 30 acres ~= 12141 m^2 yr. = year = 12 months 31. Index of unit abbreviations with categories ----------------------------------------------- ' = foot = (1/3) yard {length} " = inch = (1/4) hand {length} = foot = (1/3) yard {length} = inch = (1/4) hand {length} µin. = micro-inch = (1/1000) milli-inch {length} ¢ = cent = (1/10) dime {US money} £ = pound sterling {GB money} $ = dollar {US money} ac. = acre = 10 square chains {area} Btu. = British thermal unit = 1 cal_IT*lb.*°R/(g*K) {heat} bu. = UK bushel = 4 UK pecks {GB capacity unit} bu. = US bushel = 2150.42 in.^3 {US dry capacity unit} c. = cent = (1/10) dime {US money} c. = century = 10 decades {time} ch. = chain = 2 fathoms {length} ch. = surveyors' chain = 1 chain {length; land surveying} ch.^2 = square chain = 484 square yards {area} Chu. = Centigrade heat unit = 453.59237 cal_mean {heat} cr. = crown = (1/4) pound sterling {GB money - 1970} ct. = cent = (1/10) dime {US money} ctl. = cental = 100 pounds {mass} cu.ft. = cubic foot = (1/27) cubic yard {volume} cu.in. = cubic inch = (1/1728) cubic foot {volume} cu.yd. = cubic yard = 1 yd.^3 {volume} cwt. = hundredweight = 4 quarters(2) {mass} cwt. = long hundredweight = 4 quarters(2) {mass} cwt. = short hundredweight = 1 cental {mass} d. = day = 24 hours {time} d. = penny = (1/12) shilling {GB money - 1970} doz. = dozen = 6 pairs {numbers of pieces} dr. = dram = (1/16) ounce {mass} drm. = drachm = 3 scruples {mass} dry gal. = dry gallon = (1/2) US peck {US dry capacity unit} dry pt. = dry pint = (1/2) dry quart {US dry capacity unit} dry qt. = dry quart = (1/4) dry gallon {US dry capacity unit} dwt. = pennyweight = 24 grains {mass} °F = degree Fahrenheit = (5/9) °C {temperature} f. = farthing = (1/4) penny {GB money} | fc. = foot-candle = 1 lm/ft.^2 {luminous exitance} fl. = florin = 2 shillings {GB money - 1970} fl.drm. = UK fluid drachm = (1/8) UK fluid ounce {GB capacity unit} fl.oz. = UK fluid ounce = (1/5) UK gill {GB capacity unit} | fl.scr. = fluid scruple = (1/3) UK fluid drachm {GB capacity unit} ft. = foot = (1/3) yard {length} ft.^2 = square foot = (1/9) square yard {area} ft.^3 = cubic foot = (1/27) cubic yard {volume} | ftH2O. = foot of water = 12 inches of water {pressure} | ft.-L. = foot-lambert = (1/) cd/ft.^2 {luminance} fur. = furlong = 10 chains {length; horse racing} g. = guinea = 21 shillings {GB money - 1970} gal. = UK gallon = (1.000028*(1-0.001217/8.136)*0.45359237/ 0.997642) dm^3 {GB capacity unit} | gi. = UK gill = (1/4) UK pint {GB capacity unit} | gi. = US gill = (1/4) liquid pint {US liquid capacity unit} gr. = grain = (1/7000) pound {mass} # h. = hour = 60 minutes {time} hhd. = UK hogshead = 52.5 gal. {GB capacity unit} hhd. = US hogshead = 2 liquid barrels {US liquid capacity unit} hp. = horsepower = 550 ft.*lbf./s = 745.69987 W {power} | hph. = horsepower-hour = 1980000 lbf.*ft. {energy, work} hr. = hour = 60 minutes {time} in. = inch = (1/4) hand {length} in.^2 = square inch = (1/144) square foot {area} in.^3 = cubic inch = (1/1728) cubic foot {volume} | inH2O. = inch of water = 25.4*9.80665 Pa {pressure} inHg. = inch of mercury = 0.0254*13.5951*9.80665*10^3 Pa {pressure} kn. = UK knot = 1 UK nautical mile/h {velocity; nautical} ksi. = kilo-pound-force per square inch = 1000 lbf./in.^2 {pressure} l. = line(1) = (1/40) inch {length; buttons} l. = line(2) = (1/12) inch {length; watches} lb. = pound = 0.45359237 kg {mass} lb.apoth. = apothecaries' pound = 1 troy pound {mass} lb.tr. = troy pound = 12 troy ounces {mass} lbf. = pound-force = (9.80665/0.3048) poundals {force} li. = link = (1/25) rod {length} | li.^2 = square link = (1/625) square rod {area} lk. = link = (1/25) rod {length} | lk.^2 = square link = (1/625) square rod {area} lq.drm. = liquid dram = (1/8) liquid ounce {US liquid capacity unit} lq.gal. = liquid gallon = 231 in.^3 {US liquid capacity unit} lq.oz. = liquid ounce = (1/4) US gill {US liquid capacity unit} lq.pt. = liquid pint = (1/2) liquid quart {US liquid capacity unit} lq.qt. = liquid quart = (1/4) liquid gallon {US liquid capacity unit} m. = mile = 8 furlongs {length} m. = mill = (1/10) cent {US money} # m. = minute = 60 seconds {time} mi. = mile = 8 furlongs {length} m.^2 = square mile = 640 acres {area} mi.^2 = square mile = 640 acres {area} min. = minute = 60 seconds {time} | min. = UK minim = (1/60) UK fluid drachm {GB capacity unit} | min. = US minim = (1/60) liquid dram {US liquid capacity unit} ml. = mile = 8 furlongs {length} ml^2 = square mile = 640 acres {area} mo. = month {time} mpg. = mile per UK gallon = 1 mi./gal. {fuel efficiency} mpg. = mile per US gallon = 1 mi./gal. {fuel efficiency} mph. = mile per hour = 1 mi./h = 0.44704 m/s {velocity} mth. = month {time} oz. = ounce = (1/16) pound {mass} oz.apoth. = apothecaries' ounce = 1 troy ounce {mass} oz.av. = avoirdupois ounce = (1/16) pound {mass} oz.avdp. = avoirdupois ounce = (1/16) pound {mass} oz.tr. = troy ounce = 8 drachms {mass} ozf. = ounce-force = (1/16) pound-force {force} p. = new penny = (1/100) pound sterling {GB money 1971 -} pc. = pica = (1/6) inch {length; typography} pc. = modern pica = 1 pica {length; typography} pc. = old pica = (35/83) cm {length; typography} pcs. = piece = 1 {numbers of pieces} pdl. = poundal = 1 lb.*ft./s^2 {force} pk. = UK peck = 2 UK gallons {GB capacity unit} pk. = US peck = (1/4) US bushel {US dry capacity unit} pr. = pair = 2 pieces {numbers of pieces} | psf. = pound-force per square foot = lbf./ft.^2 {pressure} psi. = pound-force per square inch = 1 lbf./in.^2 {pressure} pt. = UK pint = (1/2) UK quart {GB capacity unit} pt. = point = (1/12) pica {length; typography} pt. = modern point = 1 point {length; typography} pt. = old point = (1/12) old pica {length; typography} | Q. = Q-unit = 10^13 therms {heat} qr. = quarter(1) = (1/4) yard {length; fabric} qr. = quarter(2) = 2 stones {mass} qr. = quarter(3) = 2 coombs {GB capacity unit} qt. = UK quart = (1/2) pottle {GB capacity unit} | qtr. = quarter(3) = 2 coombs {GB capacity unit} °R = degree Rankine = (5/9) K {temperature} rd. = rod = (1/4) chain {length} rd.^2 = square rod = (1/16) square chain {area} # s. = second {time} | scr. = scruple = 20 grains {mass} sec. = second {time} sh. = shilling = (1/5) crown {GB money - 1970} | sh.cwt. = short hundredweight = 1 cental {mass} | sh.t. = short ton = 20 centals {mass} sq. = square = 100 square feet {area} sq.ch. = square chain = 484 square yards {area} sq.ft. = square foot = (1/9) square yard {area} sq.in. = square inch = (1/144) square foot {area} | sq.li. = square link = (1/625) square rod {area} | sq.lk. = square link = (1/625) square rod {area} sq.m. = square mile = 640 acres {area} sq.mi. = square mile = 640 acres {area} sq.ml. = square mile = 640 acres {area} sq.rd. = square rod = (1/16) square chain {area} sq.yd. = square yard = 1 yd.^2 {area} st. = stone = 14 pounds {mass} t. = ton = 20 hundredweights {mass} t. = long ton = 20 hundredweights {mass} t. = short ton = 20 centals {mass} wk. = week = 7 days {time} yd. = yard = 0.9144 m {length} sq.yd. = square yard = 1 yd.^2 {area} yd.^2 = square yard = 1 yd.^2 {area} yd.^3 = cubic yard = 1 yd.^3 {volume} yr. = year = 12 months {time} bbl. = dry standard barrel = 7056 in.^3 {US dry capacity unit} liquid barrel = 126 liquid quarts {US liquid capacity unit} petrol barrel = 42 liquid gallons {US liquid capacity unit} standard cranberry barrel = 5826 in.^3 {US dry capacity unit} UK barrel = 36 UK gallons {GB capacity units; beer} | bucket = 2 UK pecks {GB capacity unit} UK cable length = 608 feet {length; nautical} pound calorie = 1 Centigrade heat unit {heat} | celo = 1 ft./s^2 {acceleration} engineers' chain = 100 feet {length} UK chaldron = 4 quarters(3) {GB capacity unit} US chaldron = 36 US bushels {US dry capacity unit} | circular inch = 1000000 circular mils {area} circular mil = (10^-6*/4) in.^2 {area} coomb = 2 strikes {GB capacity unit} shipping cubic inch = (1/12) cubic foot {volume; shipping} | cubit = 1/2 yard {length} | UK cup = (1/4) UK pint {GB capacity unit} | US cup = (1/2) liquid pint {US liquid capacity unit} | cusec = 1 ft.^3/s {volume rate of flow} cut = 1 lea {length; linen yarn} decade = 2 lustrums {time} dime = (1/10) dollar {US money} bakers' dozen = 1 long dozen {numbers of pieces} long dozen = 13 pieces {numbers of pieces} US fluid dram = 1 liquid dram {US liquid capacity unit} | duty = 1 lbf.*ft. {energy, work} eighth of an inch = (1/2) quarter-inch {length} English ell = 5 quarters(1) {length; fabric} Flemish ell = 27 inches {length; fabric} French ell = 54 inches {length; fabric} fathom = 11 yards {length; depth of water} US survey foot = (1200/3937) m {length; land surveying} | foot-candle-lambert = 1 cd/ft.^2 {luminance} fortnight = 2 weeks {time} gross = 12 dozens {numbers of pieces} great gross = 12 grosses {numbers of pieces} half-inch = (1/2) inch {length} hand = (1/3) foot {length; height of horses} cotton hank = 7 cotton skeins {length; cotton yarn} linen hank = 1 hasp {length; linen yarn} worsted hank = 7 wraps {length; worsted yarn} hasp = 6 hears {length; linen yarn} hear = 2 leas {length; linen yarn} heer = 1 hear {length; linen yarn} hundred = 5 scores {numbers of pieces} long hundred = 6 scores {numbers of pieces} | iron = (1/48) in. {length} kip = 1000 pound-forces {force} last = 2 loads {GB capacity unit} lea = 300 yards {length; linen yarn} league = 3 miles {length} sea league = 3 UK nautical miles {length; nautical} engineers' link = 1 foot {length} lustrum = 5 years {time} load = 5 quarters(3) {GB capacity unit} mil = 1 milli-inch Imperial mile = 1 mile {length} land mile = 1 mile {length} statute mile = 1 mile {length} UK nautical mile = 10 UK cable lengths {length; nautical} UK sea mile = 1 UK nautical mile {length; nautical} millenium = 10 centuries {time} milli-inch = (1/1000) in. {length} nail = (1/4) quarter(1) {length; fabric} US fluid ounce = 1 liquid ounce {US liquid capacity unit} | ouncedal = (1/16) poundal {force} # palm = 3 in. {length} perch = 1 rod {length} | pli = 1 lb./in. {linear mass} pole = 1 rod {length} pottle = (1/2) UK gallon {GB capacity unit} | poumar = 1 lb./1000000 yd. {linear mass} avoirdupois pound = 0.45359237 kg {mass} quarter-inch = (1/2) half-inch {length} quinquennium = 5 years {time} quintal(1) = 4 quarters(2) {mass} quintal(2) = 100 pounds {mass} rood = (1/4) acre {area} score = 20 pieces {numbers of pieces} long score = 21 pieces {numbers of pieces} | seam = 2 coombs {GB capacity unit} section = 1 square mile {area} sixteenth of an inch = (1/2) eighth of an inch {length} cotton skein = 120 yards {length; cotton yarn} woollen skein = 256 yards {length; woollen yarn} slug = (9.80665/0.3048) lb. {mass} snap = 320 yards {length; woollen yarn} # span = 3 palms {length} cotton spyndle = 18 cotton hanks {length; cotton yarn} linen spyndle = 4 hasps {length; linen yarn} woollen spyndle = 45 woollen skeins {length; woollen yarn} square perch = 1 square rod {area} square pole = 1 square rod {area} strike = 2 UK bushels {GB capacity unit} | UK tablespoonful = (1/2) UK fluid ounce {GB capacity unit} | US tablespoonful = (1/16) US cup {US liquid capacity unit} | UK teaspoonful = (1/4) UK tablespoonful {GB capacity unit} | US teaspoonful = (1/3) US tablespoonful {US liquid capacity unit} therm = 100000 British thermal units {heat} thou = 1 milli-inch thread = (1/80) cotton skein {length; cotton yarn} | UK assay ton = 32666 2/3 mg {mass} | US assay ton = 29166 2/3 mg {mass} register ton = 100 cubic feet {volume; shipping} UK shipping ton(1) = 50 cubic feet {volume; shipping} UK shipping ton(2) = 42 cubic feet {volume; shipping} UK shipping ton(3) = 40 cubic feet {volume; shipping} US shipping ton = 40 cubic feet {volume; shipping} | ton of refrigeration = 200 Btu./min {heat flow} long ton-force = 2240 pound-forces {force} short ton-force = 2 kips {force} township = 36 square miles {area} | typp = 1000 yd./lb. {specific length} | wey = 5 quarters(3) {GB capacity unit} wrap = 80 yards {length; worsted yarn} | yard of land = 30 acres {area} | 32. Reference list | ------------------ | | [A] Knut Birkeland: Mått mål vikt [Measures, capacities, | weights] | Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalt, 1971, 148 p. | [in Swedish] | | [B] The Economist Measurement Guide and Reckoner | 1975, 3rd edition, | ISBN 0 85058 040 4, 232 p. | | [I] Rolf Ohlon: Gamla mått - och nya | [Old Units of Measurement - and New] | Sohlmans Förlag, | 1974, 1st edition, ISBN 91 7198 013 X, 191 p.; | Ingenjörsförlaget, 1986, 2nd edition, | ISBN 91-7284-218-0, 258 p. [in Swedish] | | [N] David R. Lide (editor): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | | CRC Press, 1992, 73rd edition, ISBN 0-8493-0473-3 | pages 1-1 - 1-26 | | [Q] Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith: Unit Operations of | Chemical Engineering | McGraw-Hill, 1976, 3rd edition, | ISBN 0-07-044825-6 | pages 5 - 15 | | [R] Torsten Althin: System Johansson * Kosmos 1978 [Yearbook of the | the Swedish Association of Physicists] | Liber Förlag, | 1979, ISBN 91-546-0238-6 | pages 89 - 100 [in Swedish] # 33. Still to do # --------------- # # Check !? # FF!!! # Take care of HT and SP at end of a line. # More ambitious scrutiny of [B]. | 34. Document history | -------------------- | | A 951007 First version, in note OJ-n200. | | Ar1 951019 Addition in note OJ-n223 about subdivisions of the inch | and typographical units. | | Bp1 970217 (br-us-units-comp.txta) | First prototype offered to other interested persons. | Wrongly labelled "OJ-n323". | | Bp2 970309 Corrected: Definition and SI value of ton of refrigeration. Names | of teaspoonful, inch of mercury. SI value for section. UK cup | redefined as synonym to UK gill. UK tablespoonful(2) removed. | UK teaspoonful redefined as 1/4 of UK tablespoonful. | Changed unit names: cup -> UK cup; tablespoonful(1) -> | UK tablespoonful; teaspoonful -> UK teaspoonful | New units: bucket, celo, circular inch, cubit, US cup, | US tablespoonful, US teaspoonful, cusec, duty, | foot-candle-lambert, foot-lambert, foot-candle, foot of water, | horsepower-hour, inch of water, ouncedal, poumar, pound-force per | square foot, pli, Q-unit, fluid scruple, iron, square link, | UK assay ton, US assay ton, typp, yard of land. | New alternative names: seam for quarter(3), wey for load. | New unit abbreviations: qtr. for quarter(3), gi. for UK gill and | US gill, min. for US minim, lb.tr. and lb.apoth., scr. for | scruple, sh.cwt. for short hundredweight, sh.t. for short ton. | Changed unit abbreviation: in.Hg -> inHg. | More information about earlier definitions of the yard. | Information about earlier definitions of the pound. | Added pointers to related documents, reference list. | "|" now delimits alternatives, "/" indicates division. | # Bp3 970320 Added units: palm, span. # Added unit abbreviations: h. for hour, m. for minute, s. for # second. "International yard" renamed "International Standard # Yard". The data format of this file is better specified. # # Bp4 000410 (br-us-units-comp.txt) # Some data updated. New file name. Converted to the # 8-bit character set ISO 8859-1. (br-us-units-comp.txt: END)